4G(fourth generation)

Now, technology has evolved from 3G to 4G, which are divided into 2 parts, including:

4G-R

WLAN IEEE 802.11 is a system that has achieved throughput up to 54Mbps but is still limited to the service area which only reaches a few hundred yards (200-300 meters). On the other hand, the current cellular networks (such as CDMA2000 1x EV-DO) to cover services as far as several kilometers, but its cell throughput only reaches 2Mbps. Based on this, it is very essential to develop an innovative system which has high throughput and a wide range of services.


4G innovative new system uses different techniques than its predecessor, such as the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing / multiple access (OFDM / OFDMA) and the antenna system with multiple input multiple output (MIMO). To support a variety of conditions, such as user mobility, both moving at high speed (mobile) or low speed (nomadic), the type of traffic (data or voice), or limit coverage (cellcentre / boundary), then developed techniques combine several multiple access (hybrid multiple access).

Candidates 4G-R the most powerful is the network technology based on the standard IEEE 802.16 and ETSI / HIPERMAN, known as the WiMAX network. This network standard being developed, from the earliest 802.16 which only supports access topology point-to-multipoint line of sight (PMP - LOS), which supports a mesh topology 802.16d non line of sight (NLOS-mesh), which supports the 802.16e mobility, to the last one is still running, 802.16j that support multi-hop mobile relay (mobile multihop relay-MMR) and 802.16m air interface that enables advanced data rate 100Mb / s for mobile applications (mobile application) and 1Gb / s for applications fixed (fixed application) in accordance with the requirements of IMT-Advanced. The development of this innovative 4G networks, especially in the Medium Access Control layer (MAC layer - L2) and physical layer (PHY layer - L1).


4G-E

Unlike 4G-R technology, the technology in the stretcher by 4G-E is the development of 3G-based technology - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) which has been implemented by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and is known by the name of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE .) LTE is introduced as a standard 3GPP Release 8. At the beginning of development, LTE expressed as a form of 3G technology improvement or pre-4G because it only represents the development of UMTS. In addition to the specification of peak rates of 100 Mbps for downlink and 50 Mbps for uplink, LTE clearly does not meet the specified kriteri 4G technologies ITU-IMT Advanced.

In response, in a workshop held in China in April 2008, 3GPP/3GPP2 committed to improving the specifications to meet the criteria of 4G LTE. Increasing this specification known as LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). In addition to meeting peak rates of 1 Gbps, the increase in specification also performed on the elements of Radio Access Network (RAN) and Radio Access Control (RAC) to improve network performance. Official Standard LTE-A specified in 3GPP Release 10, and is expected to be launched in the third quarter of 2010.

While the standard air interface for 4G-R technology is still in development, as well as for standard compliances and conformances through the WiMAX forum. On the other hand opportunities for 4G-E highly open to be marketed, particularly by the incumbent operator, through a pre-4G LTE or at least to implement the standard 3GPP Release 5 and Release 6, which is known by the name Subystem IP Multimedia (IMS).